Abstract

Makrofol-DE 1-1 CC Polycarbonate is a class of polymeric solid state nuclear track detector which has many applications in various radiation detection fields.

Structural property studies using X-ray diffraction were performed on the non-irradiated and irradiated Makrofol samples. The intensities of the characteristic absorption bands were found to decrease predominantly with increasing the proton fluence in the ranges 0-5x10¹¹ ions/cm² indicating that the degradation is the dominant mechanism.

Non isothermal studies were carried out using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermo-gravimetric (DTG) to obtain information concerning the thermal stability for Makrofol detector. The obtained TGA thermograms indicated that the Makrofol detector decomposes in one main weight loss stage.

Using the TGA curves, both the onset temperature of decomposition and the activation energy of thermal decomposition were calculated. The results indicated that the proton irradiation of Makrofol detector in the fluence range 0-5x10¹¹ ions/cm² causes an initial scission that reduces the thermal stability of the Makrofol samples. The proton irradiation in the fluence range 5x10¹¹-1x10¹⁵ ions/cm² led to a more compact structure of Makrofol polymer, which resulted in an improvement in its thermal stability with an increase in the activation energy of thermal decomposition.

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Abstract:

The incessant use of mobile phones can be attributed to its portability and thus have become one of the most widely used devices in mobile communication which makes it so essential in our lives.

The convenience and portability of mobile phones has made it possible to be carried everywhere, e.g. Mosques, lecture halls, medical centers etc. Its convenience can create inconvenience in some places when there is continuous beeping or ringtones of mobile phones which becomes annoying when such noise is disruptive in areas where silence is required or the use or of mobile phone is restricted or prohibited like Libraries and Study rooms.

الخلاصة:

تتناول المقالة الطرق الحالية لمعالجة النفايات البلدية الصلبة في سياق كفاءتها الشاملة. تم

إج ا رء اختبار تجريبي لتقنية فعالة وصديقة للبيئة لتغويز النفايات الصلبة بالبلازما، وأكدت النتائج

التي تم الحصول عليها إمكانية الحصول على غاز اصطناعي عالي السع ا رت الح ا ررية.